Yes she survived the war , she had a complete refit in 38/39 and the trips such as Justin has mentioned allowed an opportunity to both "fly the flag" and to train crews in various aspects of seamanship and their "trades" etc.
Schleswig -Holstein she was upgraded in terms of AA, radar , fire control systems and moved from what was effectively a training hulk to that of a coal fired unit which could potentially preform ice breaking duties ( the Baltic freezes in Winter) and to provide seaborne guns to engage the advancing Soviets in the coastal regions of the Baltic and so support the German troops which enaged the Red Army in a desperate and losing battle.
She was severely damaged by the RAF in raid on Gotenhafen ( December 44) and after a week salvage work was broken off and the ship paid off.
She settled to the harbour floor and remained there , as she was at the end of the war.

(Photo from M.J. Whitley's "German capital Ships of WW2".
Whilst answering a post from CAm , I found this photo taken on
Schleswig-Holstein as she openned fire on the Polish defences in Danzig.
Werner Henke is the officer directing the guncrew. ( From T.Mulligan's "Lone Wolf" - see
viewtopic.php?f=88&t=8510&p=81768#p81768 ).
